Endangered Species 05 : Celastrus paniculatus Willd

Scientific classification

Kingdom: Plantae

Family: Celastraceae

Genus: Celastrus 

Species: Celastrus paniculatus Willd. 

Distribution: Global: Indo-Malaysia to Chinaand Australia.

National: Occurring throughout the country in Himachal Pradesh, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu.

Regional: Common throughout southern states, more abundant in drier hill tracts.

Description: A large woody climbing shrub. Bark brown, thin. Branchlets hairless, with many distinct minute white dots called lenticels. Leaves alternate, egg-shaped to oblong-elliptic, about 5-15 x 2-8 cm, base round, apex acuminate, margin toothed with rounded teeth, hairless; lateral nerves 5-8 pairs, slender; leaf stalks about 3 cm long. Flowers unisexual, about 6 mm across, greenish white, collected in terminal paniculate cymes; panicles 5-30 cm long, pendulous. Capsules sub-globose, 5-10 mm across, smooth, yellow when mature, transversely wrinkled, dehiscing by 3-valves. Seeds 1-6, ellipsoid or ovoid, about 6 x 3 mm, yellowish brown, enclosed in crimson-red aril.

Phenology: Flowering: February to April;

                   Fruiting: May to December

Medicinal uses: The stem bark is used as an abortifacient and brain tonic. Leaf sap is a good antidote for opium poisoning. Seeds are stimulant, diaphoratic, diuretic, tonic, appetizer, anti-inflammatory and used for abdominal disorders, leprosy, pruritus, skin diseases, paralysis, asthma, leucoderma, cardiac debility, inflammation, amenorrhoea and fever. Also used to stimulate the intellect and sharpen memory. The seed oil is used to cure berbery, sores and to promote intelligence and sharpen memory.

Propagation: By seeds and stem cuttings

Endangered Species 04 : Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob

Scientific classification

            Kingdom: Plantae

Family: Acanthaceae

Genus: Munronia

Species: Munronia pinnata (Wall.) Theob.

Description

Usually unbranched shrublet, 5- 30 cm tall, stems up to 7 mm diameter, root system with a tap root. Leafy shoots with leaves forming an apical rosette. Flowers hermaphrodite and in few flowered thyrses or solitary. Fruit a 5-valved loculicidal capsule, each locule 1 or 2 seeds. Seeds are brown.

There are morphological variations among populations through out its geographical range especially in leaf habit, leaflet number, leaf shape, leaf margin, colour of marginal vein, hairiness of plants colour of flowers.

Distribution

Found in southern and northeastern India, Nepal to South China, Vietnam, Burma, Thailand, Malaysia, Jawa, Bali, Sumba, Flores, Solor and Timor. Cultivated in Europe in glass houses.In Sri Lanka this plant has been recorded in Ritigala, Doluwa, Naula, Mathurata, Haldumulla, Wellawaya, Balangoda, Katharagama, Sigiriya, Polonnaruwa and Lunugala areas.

Medicinal value

The entire plant is used for medicinal purposes to treat fever, dysentery, leprosy and other skin diseases and for purification of blood